Determining the optimum asphalt binder content of an opengraded friction. Asphalt institute for the type and grade shown below. Improvement of modified bitumen using low density polyethylene. Vg30 is primarily used to construct extra heavy duty bitumen pavements that need to endure substantial traffic loads. Bitumen has the ability to adhere to a solid surface in a fluid state depending on the nature of the surface. There are many methods available for mix design which vary in the size of the test specimen, compaction, and other test specifications. State materials office florida department of transportation. Specific gravity specific gravity of bitumen the specific gravity of semisolid bituminous material, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches shall be expressed as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the material at 25 c to that of an equal volume of water at the same. Measure the bulk specific gravity of the compacted paving mixture. The specific gravity of the individual aggregates shall be determined using kt6. What is the specific gravity of bitumen and what are the. The bulk specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate, including the permeable and impermeable voids in the particles, to the weight of an equal volume of water kandhal et al.
What is the specific gravity of bitumen various petroleum products with specific gravity different pitch. The specific gravity can be measured using either pycnometer or preparing a cube specimen of bitumen in semi solid or solid state. Specifications for s65 bitumen is731992 characteristic requirement specific gravity at 27c min. By definition, the specific gravity of bitumen, the tartoweight ratio of a certain volume of water volume at a given temperature. Previous studies indicated that introduction of varying amounts. Materials that have a lower specific gravity are lower boiling point thus one of the first applications of this parameter has been using it for the distillation of crude oil. The primary use of asphalt is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with. Specific gravity of bituminous material is known as the proportion of mass of specified capacity of substance to the equivalent volume of water, temperature of both of them approximating 27 degree celsius. The bitumen of vg30 grade was tested for ductility, softening point, penetration test. Obtain the specific gravity of the extracted asphalt and calculate the specific gravity of the. Bitumen content this test is done to determine the bitumen content as per astm 2172. Bulk specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate, including the permeable and impermeable voids in the particles, to the weight of an equal volume of water. Bitumen 80100 is used as a binder of mineral aggregates in asphalt concrete and hot laid plant mix for highways, airports, parking areas, driveways and curbs.
Utilization of waste plastic in bitumen ijert journal. Bitumen penetration grade 80100 is a standard penetration grade bitumen usually used as a paving grade bitumen suitable for road construction and for the production of asphalt pavements with superior properties. Note 7proceed to part ii of this test procedure if the aggregate stockpile bulk specific. The specific gravity bottle is weighed about halffilled with the material weight c. Procedure for bitumen specific gravity the specific gravity bottle along with the stopper is cleaned, dried and weighed the weight a. Adjustments are made to the pg grade of asphalt cement based on traffic conditions and traffic volumes which is intended to enhance the design life of the pavement. Apr 30, 2017 specific gravity of bituminous material is defined as ratio of mass of given volume of substance to the equal volume of water, temperature of both being 27c. This gravity forms plugin adds an admin page to your wordpress backend with a list of all the merge tags in your form.
The specific gravity may be converted to density values by use of the following formula. Bitumen is insoluble in water and can act as an effective waterproofing sealant. Certain additives or blend of additives called as bitumen modifiers can. The specific gravity test results for asphalt are reported by the refinery or department chemists. It is kept in the water bath having a temperature of 27. Specific gravity of bitumendefinition, test and procedure. Factors affecting the measurement of effective specific. Bitumen penetration grade 6070 bitumen penetration grade 6070 is a standard penetration grade bitumen usually used as a paving grade bitumen suitable for road construction and for the production of asphalt pavements with superior properties. The specific gravities and weight proportions for aggregate and bitumen are as under for the preparation of marshall mix design. Krieger, the asphalt institute, college park, maryland this paper describes a continuation of investigations on effects of various mineral fillers on properties of asphalt paving mijctures. Calculate the required amount of aggregate for the individual sieve sizes and the. You can also choose from electronic bitumen specific gravity there are 83 suppliers who sells bitumen specific gravity on, mainly located in asia.
Note 1an alternate method for determining the density of semisolid and solid bituminous materials is test method d 3289. At the temperatures normally encountered in natural deposits, bitumen will not flow. The principle is that it is the ratio of mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at a recordedspecified temperature. Aggregate suitability studies of limestone outcrops in dhak pass, western salt range, pakistan naveed ahsan, muhammad munawar iqbal gondal and saifurrehman. Bitumen quality and manufacturing processespast and present.
Astm d7097, standard test method for specific gravity and density of semisolid bituminous materials pycnometer method, astm international, west conshohocken, pa, 1997. Pg6422 is a performance grade pg of asphalt cement based on two factors. Standard test method for specific gravity, api gravity, or. Pdf improvement of modified bitumen using low density. Test specific gravity of bitumen 4050 6070 and 80100. Performance grading also called as the superpave superior performance pavements performance gradation binders are graded by the. California test methods version selection caltrans. Increasing the density of the asphalt mixture by changing. Astm d70 97 standard test method for specific gravity. Bulk specific gravity an overview sciencedirect topics. The supported apparatus for carrying out flash and fire point tests on bitumens and asphalts is the cleveland open cup test method astm d92. Weight of asphalt in rap portion100 g of aggregate blend. It has been shown that the performance of polymer modified bitumen with polyethylene is better than conventional 80100 grade bitumen. Tex207, determining density of compacted bituminous.
Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Bulk specific gravity dense graded mixtures and sma. The specific gravity of bituminous materials is determined by. This test is done to determine the specific gravity of semisolid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per is. Because the specific gravity of binders change with temperature, specific gravity tests are useful in making volume corrections based on temperature. Geological survey as an extraheavy oil with an api gravity less than 10 and a viscosity greater than 10,000 centipoise. Bitumen asphalt is a mixture of organic liquids that are highly viscous, black, sticky, entirely soluble in carbon disulfide, and composed primarily of highly condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Live bitumen extraction test for dense bituminous macadam pwd road construction civil engineering. Bulk specific gravity of aggregate is important information for designing hma because it is used to calculate. The specific gravity bottle is filled with freshly boiled distilled water and the stopper is inserted firmly. The adhesive property of bitumen binds together all the components without bringing about any positive or negative changes in their properties. It is the ratio of mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at a recordedspecified temperature. Bitumen paving grades test 3040 bis method specification 6070 80100 specific gravity 2727c 1202 min. Astm d70 03 standard test method for specific gravity.
Bitumen 3040 is used in specialized applications like airport runways and also in very heavy traffic volume roads in coastal cities in the country. The apparatus needed to determine bitumen content are i centrifuge extractor ii miscellaneous bowl, filter paper, balance and commercial benzene. Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities of. Astm c127 test for specific gravity and absorption of coarse aggregate. Theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of hma duration. Assessment of specific gravity of a specified sample of bitumen apparatus. Note 6if the specific gravity values are unknown and deemed necessary, determine the 24hr. Quantitative determination of asphalt content from asphalt paving mixtures by the ignition method. Before testing weight in air and sub merge weight of sample is measured, after that the sample is kept in a water bath for 45minutes having temperature of 60. Volumetric analysis of hma mixtures 46 classroom exercise 1 based on the information given for this problem, the following steps should be followed. In paving jobs, to classify a binder, density property is of great use. A wide variety of bitumen specific gravity options are available to you, such as universal testing machine. To determine the specific gravity of semisolid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per is.
Theoretical specific gravity of the mix gt theoretical specific gravity gt is the specific gravity without considering air voids, and is given by. Viscosity of asphalt rubber by rotational dipnread viscometer. Each tons of asphalt needed 70kg bitumen and the rest is aggregates. The density of bitumen is greatly influenced by its chemical composition. Marshall method of mix design is the most popular one and is discussed. Calculate the bulk specific gravity of the combined aggregate. This is preceded by the dry mix design discussed in the previous chapter. There are several ways to determine the specific gravity of asphalt on all these methods, is archimedes law. This grade of bitumen is mainly used in the spraying and chip.
The presence of water on the surface will prevent adhesion. Specific gravity weight of bituminous materialweight of equal volume of water cabadc where, a weight of specific gravity bottle, g. The mix design wetmix determines the optimum bitumen content. Determining specific gravity of bitumen civil engineering. Ct 309 october 1, 2010 pdf method of test for theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of hot mix asphalt. To get data sheet of bitumen 6070 and more details on packing and delivery,please visit.
Speight phd, dsc, in asphalt materials science and technology, 2016. International research journal of engineering and technology irjet eissn. This method covers the procedure for calculating the theoretical specific gravity of a mixture of aggregates that have been combined on a weight basis. Astm d70 97 standard test method for specific gravity and. In most cases bitumen is weighed, but when used with aggregates, the bitumen is converted to volume using density values. Oxidized bitumen r 1020,r8525,r8540,r 11515,emulsion bitumen astm d244 suppliers in singapore. The residual asphalt is the glue that remains on the roadway after the cutter or water has evaporated out of the binder.
Density is important because proper density in the finished product is essential for lasting pavement performance. The asphalt absorption can be found knowing the bulk impregnated specific gravity of the mixture, the bulk specific gravity of the aggregate and the specific gravity of the asphalt used in the hma mixture. The 6% of ldpe content was preferred as a bitumen modifier percentage which was used to. This is obtained by blowing air into hot bitumen at high temperatures normally beyond 180 0c. Industrial grade bitumen is also known as blown bitumen.
Method of test for determining theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of hot mix asphalt. This determining flash and fire point of bitumen article should make this clear mike. This grade of bitumen is mainly used in the manufacture of hot mix asphalt for bases and wearing courses. Chapter 2 design and control of bituminous mixtures using. Feasibility of partial upgrading of athabasca bitumen. Values are measured on a hydrometer at convenient temperatures, readings of density, specific gravity, and api gravity being. Bitumen is a nonfuel products and has many classes 80100 grade 50 70 grade 6070 grade 85100 grade. This estimate is determined by calculating the effective specific gravity gse using maximum specific gravity gmm and binder content pb. Factors affecting the measurement of effective specific gravity for reclaimed asphalt pavement. How to test specific gravity of bitumen atdm co ltd. In this manner, the wastage low density polyethylene ldpe was used as a polymeric modifier of bitumen as such as 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of total bitumen content and the properties of those samples were investigated under penetration test, softening point test, ductility test and specific gravity test. The specific gravity of pure bitumen ranges from 0. Properties considered in mix design superpave mix design.
It also resists action by most acids, alkalis and salts and does not contaminate water, so it can be used to line watercourses. Marshall test but other tests on aggregate and bitumen shall be performed as per irciii to check whether their value lies within prescribed limit. The specific gravity of bitumen 4050, 6070 and bitumen 8000 is defined as the ratio of mass of given volume of bitumen 4050, 6070 and bitumen 8000 of known content to the mass of equal volume of water at 270c. There are two methods to test the specific gravity of bitumen a. Proper use of high amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement rap in recycled asphalt mixtures requires a better understanding of rap properties before mix design to ensure confidence that rap properties are not changed by the mix design or asphalt production process. It is a function of the ratio of asphalt to water absorption, which varies widely but follows a definite pattern with different types of aggregates. Exp 9 specific gravity of bitumen civil engineers pk. Referenced documents purchase separately the documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. The specific gravity of semisolid bituminous material, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches shall be expressed as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the material at 25 c to that of an equal volume of water at the same temperature. Bitumen vg 3040 60 70 asphalt also known as bitumen, is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semisolid that is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits, it is a substance classed as a pitch. Their quality depends upon the nature and origin of. The volume and weight of one marshall specimen was found to be 475 cc and 1100 gm. Assuming absorption of bitumen in aggregate is zero, find, and. Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities of bituminous substances by rodney edgerton cox a dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy major subject.
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